Avian influenza, known as "bird flu", is a viral infection that spreads easily and quickly among birds. Canada is currently experiencing an outbreak of bird flu.
Your small flocks and pet birds could be at risk of catching bird flu, especially during spring and fall migrations, when wild birds are more likely to carry and spread the virus.
On this page
- How birds can get sick
- Signs of bird flu
- If you think your birds are infected
- How to avoid bird flu and protect your flock from disease
How your birds can get sick
Your chickens, pet birds or other small flocks can get sick if they are exposed to infected wild birds or contaminated areas.
A small flock is typically kept for the sole use of the owner, either consisting of non-poultry species or fewer than 1,000 birds raised for non-commercial poultry purposes
Avian influenza is transmitted through bird secretions or feces. The viruses may pass directly from bird-to-bird or indirectly through contaminated feed, water, equipment, boot or clothing.
Learn more about biosecurity basics for small flock owners: 5 steps.
Outdoor access
- Birds that spend time outside are more likely to be exposed to avian influenza
Wild birds
- Infected wild birds, such as ducks and geese, can carry and spred the disease without appearing sick
- They can infect your flock through:
- landing in the same area as your birds
- sharing feed and water
- contaminating ponds or other bodies of water
- contaminating the coop, tools, equipment, boots or clothing
There is currently no treatment for infected birds.
Signs of bird flu
Infected birds may show 1or many of these signs:
- lack of energy, movement or appetite
- decreased egg production
- swelling around the head, neck and eyes
- coughing, gasping for air or sneezing
- nervous signs, tremors or lack of coordination
- diarrhea
- sudden death
On rare occasions, some subtypes of the virus can cause illness in humans.
The Public Health Agency of Canada has more information about human health issues related to bird flu as well as symptoms and treatment.
If you think your birds are infected
Bird owners are legally responsible to notify authorities of serious bird diseases such as bird flu.
How to avoid bird flu and protect your flock from disease
You can help protect your birds by following these 5 basic biosecurity rules:
- prevent contact with wild birds and other animals
- frequently clean poultry coops, waterers, feeders, your clothing and your boots
- spot the signs and report early
- limit exposure to visitors
- keep new birds separate when entering your flock
Learn more about biosecurity basics for small flock owners: 5 steps.
Additional information